The Municipal Disease control officer of Lower Manya Municipal Health Directorate, Mr Solomon Ohene Gyabaah speaking on Rite FM Health Matters on Tuesday, has cautioned the public to desist from open defecation to prevent polio.
According to him, Polio or poliomyelitis, is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease. It is caused by the polio virus. The virus spreads from person to person and can invade an infected person’s brain and spinal cord, causing paralysis (can’t move parts of the body).
Most people who get infected with polio virus (about 72 out of 100) will not have any visible symptoms.
About 1 out of 4 people with polio virus infection will have flu-like symptoms that may include Sore throat Fever, Tiredness, Nausea, Headache, Stomach pain.
These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days then go away on their own.
A smaller proportion of people with polio virus infection will develop other more serious symptoms that affect the brain and spinal cord, paraesthesia (feeling of pins and needles in the legs) and meningitis (infection of the covering of the spinal cord and/or brain) occurs in about 1 out of 25 people with polio virus infection . Paralysis or weakness in the arms, legs, or both, occurs in about 1 out of 200 people with polio virus infection.
Adding; paralysis is the most severe symptom associated with polio because it can lead to permanent disability and death. Between 2 and 10 out of 100 people who have paralysis from polio virus infection die because the virus affects the muscles that help them breathe.
Even children who seem to fully recover can develop new muscle pain, weakness, or paralysis as adults, 15 to 40 years later.
Note that “poliomyelitis” (or “polio” for short) is defined as the paralytic disease. So only people with the paralytic infection are considered to have the disease.
Medical experts say, polio virus only infects humans. It is very contagious and spreads through person-to-person contact.
The virus lives in an infected person’s throat and intestines. It enters the body through the mouth and spreads through contact with the feces (poop) of an infected person and, though less common, through droplets from a sneeze or cough. You can get infected with polio virus if you have faeces on your hands and you touch your mouth. Also, you can get infected if you put in your mouth objects like toys that are contaminated with faeces (poop).
An infected person may spread the virus to others immediately before and about 1 to 2 weeks after symptoms appear.
The virus can live in an infected person’s feces for many weeks. It can contaminate food and water in unsanitary conditions.
People who don’t have symptoms can still pass the virus to others and make them sick.
Polio vaccine protects children by preparing their bodies to fight the polio virus. Almost all children (99 children out of 100) who get all the recommended doses of vaccine will be protected from polio.
There are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio: inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Only IPV has been used in the United States since 2000; OPV is still used throughout much of the world.
Source: ritefmonline.org/Christiana Ntiamoah
